Unit 72
1. strut (v.) – to swagger; display to impress others
Example: The star quarterback strutted around campus the entire week after he led his team to a 42-0 win over the county’s top-ranked team.
Synonyms: swagger, parade
Antonyms: shuffle, skulk
Nepali Meaning: अकडाई हिड्नु
Nepali Example: स्टार क्वार्टरब्याकले काउन्टीको शीर्ष टिमलाई ४२-० ले हराएपछि पूरा हप्ता क्याम्पसमा अकडाई हिड्यो।
2. stultify (v.) – to impair or reduce to uselessness
Example: The professor of education believes that overreliance on rote learning stultifies students’ creativity.
Synonyms: stifle, suppress
Antonyms: encourage, stimulate
Nepali Meaning: निष्क्रिय बनाउनु
Nepali Example: शिक्षा प्राध्यापकको विश्वास छ कि रट्ने अधिकारले विद्यार्थीहरूको रचनात्मकतालाई निष्क्रिय बनाउँछ।
3. stupefy (v.) – to dull the senses of; stun; astonish
Example: After drinking three glasses of wine, Linda was stupefied.
Synonyms: daze, bewilder
Antonyms: enlighten, clarify
Nepali Meaning: मूर्छित पार्नु
Nepali Example: तीन ग्लास वाइन पिएपछि लिन्डा मूर्छित भएकी थिइन्।
4. stygian (adj.) – dark and gloomy; hellish
Example: Wilfred Owen’s famous poem describes the stygian gloom of poison gas.
Synonyms: infernal, murky
Antonyms: bright, radiant
Nepali Meaning: नरकीय, अँध्यारो
Nepali Example: विल्फ्रेड ओवेनको प्रसिद्ध कविताले विषाक्त ग्यासको नरकीय अँध्यारो वर्णन गर्छ।
5. subpoena (n.) – notice ordering someone to appear in court
Example: The judge issued a subpoena for the man, but the prosecutor had little hope he would appear.
Synonyms: summons, warrant
Antonyms: discharge, release
Nepali Meaning: अदालतमा उपस्थित हुने आदेश
Nepali Example: न्यायाधीशले त्यो मानिसलाई अदालतमा उपस्थित हुने आदेश जारी गरे, तर अभियोक्तालाई उसको उपस्थितिको आशा थोरै थियो।
6. subside (v.) – to settle down; grow quiet
Example: Army personnel told civilians to wait for the violence to subside.
Synonyms: abate, diminish
Antonyms: intensify, escalate
Nepali Meaning: शान्त हुनु
Nepali Example: सेनाको कर्मचारीले नागरिकहरूलाई हिंसा शान्त हुन पर्खन भने।
7. substantiate (v.) – to support with proof or evidence
Example: Fossil identification is substantiated by geology and carbon-14 dating.
Synonyms: verify, confirm
Antonyms: disprove, refute
Nepali Meaning: प्रमाणित गर्नु
Nepali Example: जीवाश्म पहिचान भूविज्ञान र कार्बन-१४ डेटिङद्वारा प्रमाणित गरिन्छ।
8. substantive (adj.) – essential; pertaining to the substance
Example: The judge asked the attorney to present only substantive information.
Synonyms: fundamental, material
Antonyms: trivial, insignificant
Nepali Meaning: आवश्यक, मूल
Nepali Example: न्यायाधीशले अधिवक्तालाई मात्र आवश्यक जानकारी पेश गर्न लगाए।
9. subsume (v.) – to include; incorporate
Example: The philosopher aimed to subsume all previous generalizations about logic.
Synonyms: encompass, assimilate
Antonyms: exclude, omit
Nepali Meaning: समावेश गर्नु
Nepali Example: दार्शनिकले तर्कशास्त्रको बारेमा पहिलेका सबै सामान्यीकरणहरू समावेश गर्न खोजे।
10. subversive (adj.) – intended to undermine or overthrow
Example: Subversive activities can disrupt economic efficiency.
Synonyms: disruptive, seditious
Antonyms: loyal, supportive
Nepali Meaning: विध्वंसक
Nepali Example: विध्वंसक गतिविधिहरूले आर्थिक कुशलतालाई बिथोल्न सक्छ।