Unit 44
1. inundate (v.) – to flood; overwhelm
Example: Farmers wanted a dam but environmentalists opposed land inundation.
Synonyms: flood, deluge, swamp
Antonyms: drain, dry
Nepali Meaning: डुबाउनु; अतिभारित गर्नु
Nepali Example: किसानहरूले बाँध चाहन्थे तर पर्यावरणविद्हरूले जमिन डुबान विरोध गरे।
2. inured (adj.) – accustomed; hardened
Example: After 20 years as chaplain, he wasn’t inured to battlefield deaths.
Synonyms: habituated, acclimated, hardened
Antonyms: sensitive, unaccustomed
Nepali Meaning: आदी; कडा
Nepali Example: २० वर्ष पादरी भए पनि उनी युद्धक्षेत्रमा मर्नेहरू देखेर आदी भएनन्।
3. invective (n.) – verbal abuse
Example: The debate judge warned against using invective.
Synonyms: vituperation, condemnation, vilification
Antonyms: praise, compliment
Nepali Meaning: गालीगलौज
Nepali Example: बहस न्यायाधीशले गालीगलौज प्रयोग नगर्न चेतावनी दिए।
4. inveigh (v.) – to protest strongly
Example: The writer inveighed against removing moral education.
Synonyms: denounce, rail, fulminate
Antonyms: approve, support
Nepali Meaning: जोरदार विरोध गर्नु
Nepali Example: लेखकले नैतिक शिक्षा हटाउने निर्णय विरुद्ध जोरदार विरोध गरे।
5. inveigle (v.) – to coax or flatter
Example: Students inveigled the professor to delay the test.
Synonyms: cajole, wheedle, entice
Antonyms: deter, discourage
Nepali Meaning: फुस्काउनु; मिठो बोलेर मानाउनु
Nepali Example: विद्यार्थीहरूले प्राध्यापकलाई परीक्षा स्थगित गर्न फुस्काए।
6. inveterate (adj.) – habitual; deep-rooted
Example: The columnist is an inveterate challenger of conventional wisdom.
Synonyms: chronic, ingrained, habitual
Antonyms: occasional, unaccustomed
Nepali Meaning: आदतगत; गहिरो जरा भएको
Nepali Example: स्तम्भकार परम्परागत ज्ञानको आदतगत चुनौती दिने व्यक्ति हो।
7. invidious (adj.) – offensive; causing resentment
Example: Publications ban invidious racial comparisons.
Synonyms: discriminatory, offensive, malicious
Antonyms: fair, just
Nepali Meaning: अपमानजनक; द्वेष उत्पन्न गर्ने
Nepali Example: प्रकाशनहरूले जातिगत अपमानजनक तुलनाहरू प्रतिबन्ध गर्छन्।
8. irascible (adj.) – easily angered
Example: The irascible old man complains about any noise.
Synonyms: irritable, testy, cantankerous
Antonyms: calm, good-natured
Nepali Meaning: चिढाउने स्वभावको
Nepali Example: चिढाउने स्वभावको बुढो मानिस कुनै पनि आवाजमा गुनासो गर्छ।
9. irresolute (adj.) – indecisive
Example: The president urged Congress not to be irresolute.
Synonyms: hesitant, uncertain, vacillating
Antonyms: resolute, decisive
Nepali Meaning: अनिश्चित
Nepali Example: राष्ट्रपतिले कंग्रेसलाई अनिश्चित नहुन आग्रह गरे।
10. itinerant (adj.) – traveling; nomadic
Example: Companies must house itinerant workers properly.
Synonyms: wandering, migratory, peripatetic
Antonyms: settled, stationary
Nepali Meaning: घुमन्ते
Nepali Example: कम्पनीहरूले घुमन्ते कामदारहरूलाई उचित बासस्थान दिनुपर्छ।