Unit 39
1. hyperbole (n.) – purposeful exaggeration
Example: American tall tales use hyperbole to depict larger-than-life characters.
Synonyms: overstatement, embellishment
Antonyms: understatement, minimization
Nepali Meaning: अतिशयोक्ति
Nepali Example: अमेरिकी लामा कथाहरूले अतिशयोक्ति प्रयोग गरेर जीवनभन्दा ठूला पात्रहरू चित्रण गर्छन्।
2. iconoclastic (adj.) – attacking traditions
Example: Noam Chomsky is gleefully iconoclastic toward American beliefs.
Synonyms: radical, rebellious, unorthodox
Antonyms: conventional, traditional
Nepali Meaning: परम्पराविरोधी
Nepali Example: नोम चोम्स्की अमेरिकी मान्यताहरूप्रति आनन्दले परम्पराविरोधी हुन्छन्।
3. idolatry (n.) – excessive devotion
Example: Protestant Reformers banned church images as idolatry.
Synonyms: worship, adoration, obsession
Antonyms: disdain, scorn
Nepali Meaning: मूर्तिपूजा; अत्यधिक भक्ति
Nepali Example: प्रोटेस्टेन्ट सुधारकहरूले गिर्जाघरका मूर्तिहरूलाई मूर्तिपूजा भनेर प्रतिबन्ध लगाए।
4. igneous (adj.) – volcanic; fire-produced
Example: Igneous rocks suggest ancient volcanic activity.
Synonyms: volcanic, magmatic
Antonyms: sedimentary, metamorphic
Nepali Meaning: आग्नेय; ज्वालामुखीजन्य
Nepali Example: आग्नेय चट्टानहरूले प्राचीन ज्वालामुखी गतिविधिको संकेत दिन्छ।
5. imbroglio (n.) – complicated situation
Example: Maugham’s stories often unravel social imbroglios.
Synonyms: entanglement, predicament, mess
Antonyms: simplicity, order
Nepali Meaning: जटिल परिस्थिति
Nepali Example: माघमको कथाहरू प्रायः सामाजिक जटिलताहरू खोल्छन्।
6. immutable (adj.) – unchangeable
Example: Mars colonization may test supposedly immutable human values.
Synonyms: permanent, fixed, unalterable
Antonyms: changeable, flexible
Nepali Meaning: अपरिवर्तनीय
Nepali Example: मंगल ग्रहको बसोबासले मानिसका अपरिवर्तनीय भनिएका मूल्यहरूको परीक्षण गर्न सक्छ।
7. impair (v.) – to damage
Example: Alcohol seriously impairs brain function.
Synonyms: weaken, diminish, hinder
Antonyms: improve, enhance
Nepali Meaning: क्षति पुर्याउनु
Nepali Example: रक्सीले मस्तिष्क प्रकार्यलाई गम्भीर रूपमा क्षति पुर्याउँछ।
8. impassive (adj.) – showing no emotion
Example: The judge remained impassive during emotional testimony.
Synonyms: stoic, unemotional, detached
Antonyms: emotional, expressive
Nepali Meaning: भावशून्य
Nepali Example: न्यायाधीशले भावुक गवाही बेला पनि भावशून्य रहे।
9. impecunious (adj.) – poor
Example: The businessman rose from impecunious student to millionaire.
Synonyms: penniless, indigent, destitute
Antonyms: wealthy, affluent
Nepali Meaning: निर्धन
Nepali Example: व्यवसायी निर्धन विद्यार्थीदेखि करोडपति बने।
10. impede (v.) – to hinder
Example: China’s western development is impeded by worker shortages.
Synonyms: obstruct, hamper, block
Antonyms: assist, facilitate
Nepali Meaning: बाधा पुर्याउनु
Nepali Example: चीनको पश्चिमी विकास कुशल कामदारको अभावले बाधित भएको छ।