Unit 14
1. chasten (v.) – to correct by punishment or reproof; to restrain or subdue
Example: The child’s behavior improved after she had been chastened by punishment.
Synonyms: discipline, reprimand, correct
Antonyms: encourage, praise
Nepali Meaning: सुधार गर्नु; दण्ड दिनु
Nepali Example: सजाय पछि बच्चाको व्यवहारमा सुधार आयो।
2. chicanery (n.) – trickery; fraud
Example: The governor ordered an audit to investigate alleged financial chicanery.
Synonyms: deception, deceit, duplicity
Antonyms: honesty, integrity
Nepali Meaning: छलकपट; कपट
Nepali Example: राज्यपालले आर्थिक छलकपटको अनुसन्धान गर्न अडिट आदेश दिए।
3. chivalry (n.) – the qualities idealized by knighthood such as bravery and gallantry toward women
Example: Chivalry was rooted in Christian values, and the knight was bound to be loyal to Christian ideals.
Synonyms: gallantry, courtesy, nobility
Antonyms: rudeness, cowardice
Nepali Meaning: शूरता; महिलाप्रति सम्मान
Nepali Example: शूरता ईसाई मूल्यमा आधारित थियो, र योद्धा ईसाई आदर्शहरूप्रति वफादार हुन बाध्य थिए।
4. churlish (adj.) – rude; boorish
Example: According to the chivalric code, a knight was never supposed to be churlish.
Synonyms: impolite, uncouth, ill-mannered
Antonyms: polite, courteous
Nepali Meaning: असभ्य; रुखो
Nepali Example: शूरवीर संहिता अनुसार, योद्धा कहिल्यै असभ्य हुनु हुँदैनथ्यो।
5. circuitous (adj.) – roundabout
Example: According to Hindu philosophy, some souls take a circuitous path through many births to reach God.
Synonyms: indirect, winding, meandering
Antonyms: direct, straight
Nepali Meaning: घुमाउरो; अप्रत्यक्ष
Nepali Example: हिन्दु दर्शन अनुसार, केही आत्माहरूले ईश्वरसम्म पुग्न धेरै जन्महरूको घुमाउरो बाटो लिन्छन्।
6. clairvoyant (n.) – one who can predict the future; psychic
Example: Edgar Cayce was a famous clairvoyant who some people believe was able to go into a trance.
Synonyms: seer, prophet, visionary
Antonyms: skeptic, realist
Nepali Meaning: भविष्यवक्ता; अतीन्द्रिय
Nepali Example: एडगर केसी एक प्रसिद्ध भविष्यवक्ता थिए जसले ट्रान्समा जान सक्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ।
7. clamor (n.) – noisy outcry
Example: The voices clamoring for better protection of the Earth’s rainforests have increased dramatically.
Synonyms: uproar, din, racket
Antonyms: silence, quiet
Nepali Meaning: कोलाहल; हल्ला
Nepali Example: पृथ्वीका वर्षावनहरूको रक्षाको माग गर्दै आवाजहरू नाटकीय रूपमा बढेका छन्।
8. clique (n.) – a small, exclusive group
Example: The principal is concerned that one clique of students is dominating the student council.
Synonyms: faction, coterie, circle
Antonyms: individual, outsider
Nepali Meaning: संकीर्ण समूह; गुट
Nepali Example: प्रधानाध्यापक चिन्तित छन् कि विद्यार्थी परिषदमा एक गुटले प्रभुत्व जमाइरहेको छ।
9. cloister (v.) – to confine; seclude
Example: The writer cloistered herself in a country house to finish her novel.
Synonyms: isolate, sequester, seclude
Antonyms: socialize, mingle
Nepali Meaning: एकान्तमा राख्नु; अलग गर्नु
Nepali Example: लेखिकाले आफ्नो उपन्यास समाप्त गर्न गाउँको घरमा एकान्तमा बसे।
10. coagulate (v.) – thicken; congeal
Example: In normal individuals, blood begins to coagulate about 20 seconds after a wound is sustained.
Synonyms: clot, solidify, thicken
Antonyms: liquefy, melt
Nepali Meaning: जम्नु; गाढा हुनु
Nepali Example: सामान्य व्यक्तिमा, घाइतेको करिब २० सेकेन्ड पछि रगत जम्न थाल्छ।