Unit 13
1. cataclysm (n.) – a violent upheaval that causes great destruction and change
Example: The earthquake was a cataclysm that destroyed the entire city.
Synonyms: disaster, catastrophe, calamity
Antonyms: peace, tranquility
Nepali Meaning: प्रलय; भयंकर उथलपुथल
Nepali Example: भूकम्पले सम्पूर्ण शहर नष्ट गर्यो, यो एउटा प्रलयकारी घटना थियो।
2. catalyst (n.) – something causing change
Example: The new law acted as a catalyst for social reform.
Synonyms: stimulus, spark, trigger
Antonyms: deterrent, obstacle
Nepali Meaning: उत्प्रेरक; परिवर्तन ल्याउने तत्व
Nepali Example: नयाँ कानूनले सामाजिक सुधारको लागि उत्प्रेरकको रूपमा काम गर्यो।
3. categorical (adj.) – absolute; without exception
Example: The company made a categorical denial of the allegations.
Synonyms: unconditional, absolute, unequivocal
Antonyms: qualified, conditional
Nepali Meaning: निरपेक्ष; स्पष्ट
Nepali Example: कम्पनीले आरोपहरूको निरपेक्ष इन्कार गर्यो।
4. caucus (n.) – smaller group within an organization
Example: The women’s caucus met to discuss gender equality issues.
Synonyms: faction, bloc, committee
Antonyms: –
Nepali Meaning: संगठनभित्रको सानो समूह
Nepali Example: महिला समूहले लैंगिक समानताका मुद्दाहरू छलफल गर्न बैठक गर्यो।
5. causal (adj.) – involving a cause
Example: Scientists found a causal link between smoking and lung cancer.
Synonyms: causative, influential
Antonyms: unrelated, independent
Nepali Meaning: कारणात्मक
Nepali Example: वैज्ञानिकहरूले धुम्रपान र फोक्सोको क्यान्सरबीच कारणात्मक सम्बन्ध पत्ता लगाए।
6. caustic (adj.) – sarcastically biting; burning
Example: Her caustic remarks offended many people.
Synonyms: sarcastic, cutting, acerbic
Antonyms: kind, gentle
Nepali Meaning: तीखो; दाहक
Nepali Example: उनको तीखो टिप्पणीले धेरै मानिसहरूलाई अपमानित गर्यो।
7. celestial (adj.) – concerning the sky or heavens; sublime
Example: Astronomers study celestial bodies like stars and planets.
Synonyms: heavenly, astronomical, divine
Antonyms: earthly, terrestrial
Nepali Meaning: आकाशीय; दिव्य
Nepali Example: खगोलशास्त्रीहरू तारा र ग्रह जस्ता आकाशीय पिण्डहरूको अध्ययन गर्छन्।
8. centrifugal (adj.) – moving away from a center
Example: The centrifugal force pushes objects outward from the center.
Synonyms: diverging, radiating
Antonyms: centripetal, converging
Nepali Meaning: केन्द्रापसारी
Nepali Example: केन्द्रापसारी शक्तिले वस्तुहरूलाई केन्द्रबाट बाहिरतिर धकेल्छ।
9. centripetal (adj.) – moving or directed toward a center
Example: The centripetal force keeps planets in orbit around the sun.
Synonyms: converging, centralizing
Antonyms: centrifugal, diverging
Nepali Meaning: केन्द्राभिमुख
Nepali Example: केन्द्राभिमुख शक्तिले ग्रहहरूलाई सूर्यको वरिपरि कक्षामा राख्छ।
10. champion (v.) – to defend or support
Example: She championed the rights of underprivileged children.
Synonyms: advocate, support, defend
Antonyms: oppose, attack
Nepali Meaning: समर्थन गर्नु; बचाव गर्नु
Nepali Example: उनले वंचित बच्चाहरूको अधिकारको समर्थन गरिन्।